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Inflight smoking is prohibited by almost all airlines; smoking on domestic U.S. airliners, for instance, was banned for almost all routes beginning in 1988, with all planes being smoke-free by the end of the 1990s.〔(Smokefree Transportation Chronology )〕 According to FAA regulations, smoking lit cigarettes or anything else that produces smoke or flame is prohibited onboard most commercial aircraft. However, the FAA has not issued a regulation for or against electronic cigarettes, leaving that decision up to the individual airlines.〔("Smoking Your E-Cigarette On an Airplane" ) by Hillary Miles, 31 March 2013〕 Advocate Ralph Nader was among the first to call for a smoking ban on airlines. United Airlines was the first to implement a nonsmoking section, in 1971.〔Brandt, Allan M.: ''The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product that Defined America'', p. 303-304. Basic Books, 2007〕 However, both tobacco companies and airlines fought any regulation.〔Ibid.〕 Significantly, the Civil Aeronautics Board banned and then unbanned smoking in 1984, with chairman Dan McKinnon saying, "Philosophically, I think nonsmokers have rights, but it comes into market conflict with practicalities and the realities of life."〔(CAB flip-flops on smoking policy )〕 After years of debate over health concerns, Congressional action led to a ban on inflight smoking.〔(The House : Smoking Ban July 26, 1987 )〕 The U.S. ban on inflight smoking began with domestic flights of two hours or less in April 1988, extended to domestic flights of six hours or less in February 1990, and to all domestic and international flights in 2000. The 1990 ban applied only to the passengers and the cabin of the aircraft and not the flight deck. Pilots were allowed to continue smoking after the 1990 ban due to concerns over potential flight safety issues caused by nicotine withdrawal in chronic smokers. Normally, passengers found to be smoking on non-smoking flights will at least face a fine (up to $5,000) and at worst be arrested and detained upon landing. Due to stringent security measures, this often causes disruption such as having to land the flight early in order to escort the smoker from the plane. Such regulations have on occasion met with defiance; in 2010 a Qatari diplomat was arrested upon arrival at Denver International Airport for smoking in the onboard lavatory on United Airlines Flight 663 and for making threats; when confronted by airline staff, he jokingly suggested that he was attempting to set his shoes on fire.〔(guardian.co.uk "Qatari diplomat 'smoking' causes US plane scare" ) by James Meikle, ''The Guardian'', 8 April 2010〕 Amy Winehouse spent approximately half of her hour-long flight to Dublin smoking in the toilet; despite passenger complaints and an announcement over the public address, no action was taken against her.〔("Amy Winehouse caught lighting-up on-board plane" ), dailymail.co.uk〕 On February 3, 2013, a family of four were accused of smoking during a Sunwing Airlines flight from Halifax to the Dominican Republic. They caused the flight to make an emergency landing at Bermuda L.F. Wade International Airport. The two eldest of the family were arrested by Bermuda Police Service and subsequently sentenced to a $500 fine or 10 days in prison.〔("Family of smokers on airplane forces costly diversion" ), CBC News, 3 February 2013〕〔("2 accused Sunwing smokers sentenced in Bermuda court" ), CBC News, 4 February 2013〕 Due to the ubiquitous prohibition of in-flight smoking and the increasingly widespread use of electronic devices, the illuminated no-smoking signs have sometimes been re-purposed to inform passengers to switch devices off for take-off and landing. Where this is the case, the no-smoking sign is permanently printed on the overhead panels. ==See also== * Olympic Airways Flight 417 * CAAC Flight 2311 * Smokers Express 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Inflight smoking」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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